3D Printing Processes

3D printing processes are categorized into seven types by ISO/ASTM52900-15, each with unique methods, materials, and applications:

1. Vat Polymerization: Cures liquid photopolymer (e.g., SLA, DLP).

2. Powder Bed Fusion: Fuses powder particles (e.g., SLS, DMLS).

3. Material Extrusion: Deposits thermoplastic (e.g., FDM).

4. Material Jetting: Deposits and cures photopolymers or metals (e.g., PolyJet).

5. Binder Jetting: Uses a binding agent on powder.

6. Direct Energy Deposition (DED): Melts and deposits metal powder or wire.

7. Sheet Lamination: Bonds thin sheets of material.

Advantages

• Vat Polymerization: High accuracy, smooth finishes, ideal for detailed prototypes.

• Powder Bed Fusion: Strong parts, complex geometries, no supports needed.

• Material Extrusion: Low-cost, accessible, wide material range.

• Material Jetting: High precision, multi-material capabilities.

• Binder Jetting: Full-color options, fast production, no supports.

• DED: Suitable for large metal parts and repairs.

• Sheet Lamination: Fast, low-cost, multi-material capabilities.

Applications

• Vat Polymerization: Dental models, jewelry, high-precision prototypes.

• Powder Bed Fusion: Aerospace components, functional prototypes, end-use parts.

• Material Extrusion: Hobbyist projects, educational tools, rapid prototyping.

• Material Jetting: Medical models, realistic prototypes, consumer products.

• Binder Jetting: Full-color prototypes, sand casting molds.

• DED: Large metal parts, aerospace repairs.

• Sheet Lamination: Rapid prototyping, low-volume production.